Quote by Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary General. Basically, COVID-19 exposed an ordinary pattern of problems without passports, which are: 1. Tendency to blame IGOs: Trump blamed WHO's bureaucracy and slow has caused many lives lost and threatened to pull out from WHO membership and stop being their financial contributors. 1. [[Insulation should be designed in an ideal degree where it will not attract blame and promote effectiveness and transparency, making the IGOs both accountable and protected]] 2. Tempation to prioritize short-term interest above anything else. Against the advice of WHO, countries restricted exports of essential medical supplies and approximately 160 countries banned foreign travelers. #to-write this is actually a good point to write about [[Indonesia obsession with local manufacturing]]. Indonesia mis-diagnosed the problem of disrupted supply chain. Instead of forcing onshore "manufacture everything here" and equates that with Sovereignty, Indonesia should champion empowerment of WHO and make WHO voice bear more weights. The solution is bureaucracy and institutional design. 3. Divided reaction to experts: many national health advisors were like-minded in recommending intense and far-reaching countermeasures such as lockdowns or contract-tracing, NZ and SK readily heeded the advice while Russia and Brazil resisted.