> Four steps: 1) define the problem, 2) state the policy, 3) make your case, 4) discuss the impact. As important as it is to know what constitutes a policy brief, it is important to recognize what a policy brief is not. ==A policy brief is not equivalent to an advocacy statement== and while it may inform or motivate action, ==it should refrain from advocating a singular call to action==. Nor is it an opinion piece that could suggest implications beyond parameters defined by the supportive evidence. A policy brief is analytic in nature and allows the author to remain objective even if the evidence appears persuasive. ## Step 1. Define the problem What's the issue? Why is it important? Why now? Who is impacted and who cares? Be specific to your audience and clearly frame the issue. If the audience is expected to be policymakers (and their staff), community leaders (grassroots or grasstops), industry or nongovernmental organization executives, the problem should be defined in terms relevant to their policy intervention, respectively. ## Step 2. State the policy Identify 1–3 specific policy actions that will address the problem. In a focused policy brief, the goal is to limit the menu of potential actions to target a policy approach of interest. > Consider a focused brief to describe one policy in depth as opposed to exploring a problem and all of the potential policy solutions. ## Step 3. Make your case Display and describe relevant data using 1–2 figures or tables; declare potential bias based on the data sources; refer to other related policies that are not discussed. Redirect to other policy references when possible or appropriate. ## Step 4. Discuss the impact Briefly discuss the implications of both action and inaction; analyze estimated pros and cons of the policy action; consider intended and unintended consequences; address opposing arguments. Conclude with a restatement of how this policy specifically addresses this problem. # Four tips: general recommendations 1. Call your document a policy brief. Title the brief with a name that refers to the problem and/or the policy. Clarity is critical. 2. State your conclusion at the beginning. Be bold and clear with your key point. Then, provide analysis to support the statement. Use illustrative images, figures, or a select story to bring data to life. 3. Remain objective rather than impassioned in your analysis. Remember, this is not an op-ed. 4. Restate your key message to start and end with impact.