[[Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)]] [[United States and the European Community deliberately shifted negotiations over the intellectual property regime from WIPO to the WTO, and have continued to deploy this strategy with regard to global IPRs]] [[international human rights law has been used to challenge intellectual property law regimes]] [[stronger pharmaceutical monopolies created by TRIPs‑plus intellectual property rules are generally associated with increased drug prices, delayed availability and increased costs to consumers and governments]] [[civil society organisations have tried to increase transparency and ethical marketing of pharmaceutical companies, fighting against pharmaceutical lobbying for more protection in intellectual property laws, inappropriate drug promotion, and excessive pricing]] [[property]]